The Dictionary of Public Policy and Administration by Jay M. Shafritz

Author:Jay M. Shafritz [Shafritz, Jay M.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Political Science, General
ISBN: 9780429965234
Google: 6_7EDwAAQBAJ
Goodreads: 39815132
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2004-08-26T00:00:00+00:00

J

job 1. A colloquial term for ones position or occupation. 2. A group of positions that are identical with respect to their major duties and responsibilities. 3. A discrete unit of work within an occupational specialty. Historically jobs were restricted to manual labor. Samuel Johnsons English Dictionary (1755) defines a job as “petty, piddling work; a piece of chance work.” Anyone not dwelling in the lowest strata of employment had a position, a profession, a calling, or (at the very least) an occupation. However, our language strives ever toward egalitarianism and now even an executive at the highest level would quite properly refer to his position as a job.

job action A strike or work slowdown, usually by public employees.

job analysis The determination of a positions specific tasks and of the knowledge, skills, and abilities that an incumbent should possess. This information can then be used in making recruitment and selection decisions, creating selection devices, developing compensation systems, and approving training needs.

job ceiling The maximum number of employees authorized at a given time.

job cycle The amount of time required for an employee to perform a discrete unit of work.

job description A summary of the duties and responsibilities of a job.

job design A general term for increasing job satisfaction and productivity by making jobs more interesting and efficient.

job dilution Dividing a relatively sophisticated job into parts that can be performed by less-skilled labor.

job enlargement Adding additional but similar duties to a job.

job enrichment Diversifying duties so that the work is performed at a higher level and is more personally satisfying.

job evaluation The process that seeks to determine the relative worth of a position; a formal comparison of the duties and responsibilities of various positions that ascertains the worth, rank, and/or classification of one position relative to all others in an organization. Although job content is obviously the primary factor in evaluation, market conditions must also be considered.

job family A group or series of jobs in the same general occupational area, such as accounting or engineering.

job freeze A formal halt, inherently temporary, to an organizations discretionary hiring and promoting.

job mobility A measure of the degree to which individuals can move from job to job within one organization; or the degree to which individuals can market their skills to other organizations.

job rotation The transfer of a worker from one assignment to another and thus minimize boredom and/or enhance skills.

job satisfaction The totality of employees’ feelings about the various aspects of their work; the emotional appraisal of whether a job lives up to an employees values.

judge-made Descriptive of laws created by judicial PRECEDENTS as opposed to statutory laws.

judicial activism The making of new public policies through the decisions of judges. This may be the reversal or modification of a prior court decision, the nullification of a law passed by the legislature, or the overturning of an action of the executive branch. The concept of judicial activism is most associated with the U.S. Supreme Court, which from time to time has found new interpretations to old provisions of the law.

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.